The Importance of Narrative Analysis in a Fake News World

The Importance of Narrative Analysis in a Fake News World Legends, Villains, and Strangers: The Importance of Narrative Analysis in a Fake News World In When Narrative Matters More Than Fact, Ashley Lamb-Sinclair contends that Facts [ ] mean next to no to individuals got up to speed in storylines. With regards to making belief systems and discernments about the world, story is more impressive than statistical data points. People will in general accept thoughts that emerge out of inner stories, and these accounts are regularly founded on constrained individual experience. In a period of phony news, there is a propensity for instructors to concentrate on certainty checking as a path for understudies to battle mistaken data. Sheep Sinclair contends that reality checking isn't the best way to deal with tending to mistakes in observation. Instead of putting an accentuation on raw numbers, grown-ups should show youngsters to break down stories and distinguish problematic storytellers, just as legends and miscreants. Sheep Sinclair contends that stories shape convictions, and psyches are changed when accounts change. The creator draws upon her own encounters and gives two instances of the way that account has influenced her own perspectives. In secondary school, an adoration for chronicled account influenced the creator so profoundly that she decided to examine history in school. Maybe much more fundamentally, Sinclairs youth experience working with two Latino men who were somewhat more coquettish than is likely suitable to be toward a 17-year-old young lady turned into the wellspring of her own brief partiality against more established Latino guys. It wasnt until she moved to Southern California and became sisters with Latina ladies in a sorority that she had the option to shape another picture of Latino men. While in the sorority, she went on dates with a few men, and had the best carne asada from the dad of her Latino companion. These new encounters made her interior story about Latino men mov e, and her observations changed alongside the account. The creator additionally brings up that in a period of phony news, an accentuation on certainty checking and attempting to convince individuals through realities is to a great extent fruitless. Story is established in the human experience, and will consistently be more convincing than an assortment of realities. In any event, when individuals are not aware of being associated with story, they need to interface with characters and to follow a plot to its end through various layers of contention. The interest with story and account structure implies that underscoring the degree to which an announcement is authentic has little effect on somebody, if that individual has just framed an account that repudiates the realities. Sheep Sinclair offers an option in contrast to truth checking: The most ideal approach to encourage genuine comprehension isn't by showing understudies realities (despite the fact that that is as yet an important exercise); it is to instruct them to break down, as one does with components of story. The ongoing U.S. general political decision gives a case of how this elective methodology may be compelling. Basically calling attention to that Donald Trump didnt help spare 2,100 employments with the Carrier arrangement may not be enticing for somebody who has lost an employment and gotten it back. Making another story that challenges someones prior account is undeniably bound to affect making somebody question her or his previous perspectives. Sheep Sinclair sees grown-ups, and especially instructors, as assuming a significant job in showing more youthful individuals how to examine accounts. Instructors must not just show understudies how to be basic scholars who question the legitimacy of realities, yet in addition how to analyze a story and to recognize problematic storytellers. Educators must open understudies to different kinds of characters and plotlines from numerous points of view, both anecdotal and genuine with the end goal for understudies to build up the diagnostic abilities important to connect with certifiable stories. The creator recommends that if understudies know about saints and lowlifess from writing and history, they will be prepared to perceive legends and scoundrels, in actuality, circumstances. Sinclair represents her own responsibility to account by discarding raw numbers from her article and depending on close to home stories to delineate her focuses. The viability of this methodology powerfully exhibits how defenseless perusers are to being cleared up in a story that utilizes just close to home stories and ongoing occasions. Sinclair never alludes to any insights or realities while portraying the way that her impression of Latino men moved after some time, yet her story reverberates with the peruser and felt reliable and genuine. The creator expresses that while nobody had given [her] the realities, she saw considerably more of the story. Sinclair is fundamentally mindful that she has essentially revised the first account, suggesting that the story is ever changing and another arrangement of encounters could rapidly adjust what she accepts. Sheep Sinclair perceives that not every person has the chance to move interior stories through introduction to various social orders or encounters. The creator expresses that while she was fortunate enough to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦ experience different societies, everybody isn't so lucky. Hence, Lamb-Sinclair writes to urge the training framework to show understudies investigative aptitudes to keep away from another age where the realities mean practically nothing. On the off chance that educators and other mindful grown-ups neglect to show youngsters how to perceive untrustworthy accounts and genuine world saints or miscreants, partiality and bias may flourish in our general public and penetrate the belief systems of people in the future.

The study and history of Electroconvulsive therapy and how it has Essay

The examination and history of Electroconvulsive treatment and how it has changed throughout the years (its present,past and future) and it sh - Essay Example ECT is an exceptionally specialized methodology requiring a group that comprises of an anesthetist, a therapist, mental medical attendants and recuperation attendants. Doing an investigation on how ECT has changed throughout the years has given me a knowledge of how the utilization of ECT in the treatment of emotional wellness ailment has changed throughout the years. Experiencing this examination has likewise empowered me to execute a significant job in thinking about patient who get ECT, particularly in the territories of pre-and post-treatment care. Emotional wellness nursing care for the ECT understanding has advanced from a customary steady and adjunctive practice to the present act of autonomous and community oriented nursing activities. The nurse’s multifaceted job in ECT is ordered by giving instruction and backing, performing pre-treatment evaluations, checking the system, watching and deciphering post-treatment quiet reactions, and this investigation has helped me se e how I fit into that job. Electroconvulsive treatment is viewed as one of the more compelling techniques for the treatment of determined sadness that has demonstrated impervious to treatment with prescription or psychotherapy. The strategy even has an incredibly high pace of achievement, supposedly between fifty up to 90%, when ECT is utilized as an underlying treatment for extreme instances of file misery, a significant burdensome scene that presents with a particular beginning date and typical mind-set before that date. Whenever utilized for schizophrenia, ECT is normally joined with pharmaceutical medications too. At the point when utilized together as such, the treatment is appeared to decrease the dangers of future backslide, more so than treatment with the drug alone (Taylor 2007). System of Treatment and Treatment Activities Electroconvulsive treatment treats mental clutters through the enlistment of summed up seizure movement in the cerebrum, and some have recommended that the seizure action alone is the instrument of treatment (Bolwig 2011). In any case, in spite of the long stretches of involvement in the treatment in the clinical network and similarly the same number of long periods of research, the specific purposes behind its prosperity are as yet indistinct (Madsen et al 1999). Numerous potential explanations behind it have been recommended. One potential recommendation for the instrument of the treatment has been that it might prompt neurogenesis (Madsen et al 1999). Neurogenesis is the development of new neural cells, yet as of late has it been found that such new neurons can develop in the grown-up human cerebrum all through life. Grown-up neurogenesis has been recommended as a strategy to treat neurological and mental clutters, as a feature of or separate from ECT (Eisch and Nestler 2002). ECT has additionally been found to increment synaptic action in the mind just as framing these new neurons and neural associations, another opportunities for its component (Bolwig 2011). Another proposal for system depends on its adequacy in the treatment of significant burdensome issue. Patients who are treated for significant burdensome issue with ECT are found to have raised degrees of pancreatic polypeptide after effective treatment, which is known to be emitted after initiation of the vagal nerve complex. Analysts have utilized these discoveries to reason that vagal nerve incitement might be the capable instrument for electroconvulsive treatment, in any event for those patients being treated for burdensome scatters (Bar et al. 2010). During electroconvulsive treatment, the patient is put under general sedation and pharmacologically

Ways to Manage Loneliness When You Have Panic Disorder

Ways to Manage Loneliness When You Have Panic Disorder Panic Disorder Coping Print How to Manage Loneliness With Panic Disorder By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on May 19, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 27, 2019 Alistair Berg/DigitalVision/Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Coping Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Related Conditions Loneliness can be described as a sense of isolation and feelings of emptiness. When experiencing loneliness, you may feel separated from the world or believe others don’t accept you. At the same time, you may yearn to participate more in life and enjoy the company of others who support and understand you. Most people experience loneliness from time to time. However, feelings of loneliness are very typical for people who have been diagnosed with panic disorder and/or agoraphobia. Additionally, loneliness is also associated with depression, a common co-occurring mental health disorder. Loneliness frequently occurs with mood and anxiety disorders. Many people with panic disorder distance themselves, fearing others won’t understand. They may be embarrassed by their panic attacks or other anxiety symptoms. There are also many myths about panic disorder that may contribute to a panic sufferers feelings of shame. Even though people with panic disorder, panic attacks, and agoraphobia are prone to feelings of loneliness, there are ways to get past these feelings and become more connected to others. The following are some steps you can take. The Health Consequences of Loneliness Take Care of Yourself Self-care strategies are any activities that you can do to enhance your overall health and wellness. For example, self-care practices can help improve your physical, mental, spiritual, relational and emotional well being. Addressing your self-care needs can be a great way to improve your self-esteem and confidence. Many self-care activities can help combat feelings of loneliness and reduce panic disorder symptoms. For instance, physical exercise for panic disorder can help reduce stress hormones and decrease muscle tension. Listening to music you like can improve your mood and keep you from dwelling on negative-thinking patterns. Practicing relaxation techniques can help limit your anxious feelings. You may even find that by taking care of yourself, your feelings of loneliness have lifted. The Best Self-Help Books for Managing Panic Disorder Be an Active Participant in Life Another way to overcome your feelings of isolation is to put yourself out there by getting involved in classes, groups, clubs, or organizations. Do you enjoy any specific activities, such as hiking, reading, or photography? There are social events and meetings for just about any interest. To get more involved, consider joining a book club at your local library, taking a fitness class at a gym, going to an art class in a craft store, or attending a religious meeting. Group activities can also be found by searching online for specific interest groups, such as walking, knitting, or rock climbing. Finding New Partners, Events, Trips, and Clubs for Walking You may even find some online interest groups that connect you to people throughout the world through forums, email, and chat. Virtual groups are a great option if you are feeling shy about meeting others or are isolated because of other mental health conditions, such as agoraphobia or social anxiety disorder. By seeking out and engaging in groups or classes, you are proactively working on getting past your feelings of loneliness. A group setting can help you learn a new skill or share a passion with other like-minded people. Groups and clubs provide a sense of belonging and community and can be a fun way to keep from being so alone. Be of Service to Others To feel more connected to the world around you, consider volunteering for a cause. You may find that there are a variety of local opportunities. They may include assisting at a food bank, caring for animals, or aiding in local charity fundraising events. Through volunteering, you may feel distracted from your symptoms and feelings of loneliness, while connecting to others. You can also be of service to others by teaching them what you know. You may have a talent or skill that others would like to learn. Whether you are skilled at painting, gardening or another passion, there may be people who want to learn from you. By teaching others what you know, you can keep from feeling isolated, build your self-esteem and help another person learn a new skill. Assisting others doesn’t need to involve going far from home. For people with frequent panic attacks or agoraphobia, the thought of reaching out to others can seem unbearable, if not impossible. However, there are opportunities to be of service while close to home. Notice if you have any neighbors who may need some assistance with lawn maintenance or who just want to talk. You may be surprised to find out that other people in your neighborhoodâ€"older adults, stay-at-home moms or single parentsâ€"are also experiencing loneliness. Additionally, a pet can be a great way for an isolated person to gain a sense of companionship. Consider adopting a cat or dog. Your pet can provide you with a sense of love and compassion. Plus, walking a dog can help you meet others in your neighborhood. How Therapy Dogs Can Help With Panic and Anxiety Build a Panic Disorder Support Network Finding supportive and understanding people can help eliminate loneliness and assist you on your road to recovery. A support network can be made up of professionals, understanding loved ones and others who relate to your experience with panic disorder. Your doctors and other professionals who treat panic disorder are already a part of your network, as they help you with coping and treatment planning. Trusted friends and family can have a positive impact on your growth. There are also many others dealing with the same condition who understand your feelings of loneliness, and they may be able to share in the experience. This type of support can be found through group therapy or even virtually, through online support forums. There are others who understand and can be a part of your support system. A diagnosis of panic disorder does not mean that you have to live with loneliness and isolation. Going to Group Therapy for Panic Disorder

The Importance Of Animals For Animal Testing - 1754 Words

Animal research, also known as in vivo testing, is the use of animals for experiments. Experimentation on animals dates back to as early as 500 BC, making this form of medical education and research one of the most fundamental known to humans. Almost 400 years ago, a doctor named William Harvey used animals to discover how blood circulated in the body. This discovery is considered the spark of the scientific revolution in which many lives were saved all thanks to the help of animal testing. The modern era of animal research started about 150 years ago with the rise of physiology as a science. Today, fruit flies and mice are the most common test subjects used for animal testing. About 50 to 100 million vertebrate and invertebrate animals are used around the world every year. The source of the animals varies depending on the species of the animal and the country where the experimentation is taking place. Most animals used for experiments are bred for this purpose. Animals are used for experiments inside universities, medical schools, farms, large companies and other places that provide animal-testing services. It has been proven that almost every medical discovery in the 20th century and even up to this century used animals in some way. Many scientists reaffirm that even complex computers cannot model connections between molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organisms and the environment. Animal testing is sadly being misrepresented more frequently. Pictures of monkeys inShow MoreRelatedAnimal Research And Testing : The Importance Of Animal Testing1441 Words   |  6 Pagesfor scientists to better understand medical related issues, so they started to perform their hypothesized experiments on specific animals. The data recovered led to a discovery that certain species’ genetic, biological and behavioral characteristics closely resemble those of the human race, allowing us to replicate many symptoms of human conditions. Although animal experimentation may seem morally wrong, as one of the largest contributors to not only medical, but other advancements benefiting theRead MoreThe Importance Of Animal Testing857 Words   |  4 Pagescomes to animal testing. A considerable amount of people believe that examinations should be banned, others think it should be continued. According to NCBI, animals have been utilized repeatedly since 384 BC. This disagreement has b een debated since before the 1920’s and is still continuing. The main opposing point of animal examinations, is the extent of the experiment used on the animal. But, if scientists did not take part in animal testing, humans safety would be in danger. Although animals shouldRead MoreImportance of Animal Testing804 Words   |  4 PagesThe use of animals in scientific research has made dramatic improvements in our understanding of the human race. Despite the controversies that surround this issue, without this process of testing it is certain that much of what is known today towards the quality and quantity of life would remain closed off to us. Over the years, scientists have gained the ability to solve medical problems, cure diseases, and develop vaccines all with the use of animals during scientific research. To believe thatRead MoreThe Importance Of Animal Testing1240 Words   |  5 Pages Animal testing has long played a part in the science of testing, and it still plays a very important role in the medical world. Testing on animals in order to create a cure for AIDS is one thing, but testing on animals for human vanity is another. Animal testing is used to test the safety of a product. It has kept some very unsafe substances out of the cosmetic world. However, in this day in age, animal testing is not the only way to test the safety of a product. Animal testing in cosmetics hasRead MoreImportance Of Animal Testing1726 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing: Is it necessary? People take medicine, and they wear makeup. Most people own one or two or maybe more pets. Some people love their pets as if they were their own children. Pets are loved and taken care of. They are rescued and adopted. But do people know that they are treated the opposite in a laboratory? It is estimated that every year, 26 million animals are used for scientific and commercial testing in the United States. There are many reasons animals are used for testing. SomeRead MoreThe Importance Of Animal Testing1779 Words   |  8 PagesDid you know animal testing is cruel?, it puts animals lives in jeopardy and the tests are not always accurate, it needs to be stopped. Abraham once said â€Å"I am in favor of animal rights as well as human rights. That is the way of a whole human being† (https://www.consumerfreedom.com/2008/10/3754-abraham-lincoln-was-not-an-animal-rights-activist/). I do not believe animal testing is right, it hurts the animal and the experiments are not accurate, we should try to make this process more safe and calmRead MoreThe Importance Of Animal Testing1883 Words   |  8 PagesAnimal Testing is Essential On the other had, some individuals deem animal testing necessary for the furthering of the medical field. There have been illnesses and diseases that have been eradicated due to animal experimenting. One such disease a vaccine that was resulted by successful experimentation on animals to combat it is the poliomyelitis vaccine Continuing, one essential aspect to consider when evaluating the similarities between humans and animals is the amount shared genes. According toRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pagespossibly the lives that were spent doing so. Those lives being the ones of animals tested in pharmaceutical settings to assure the safety of the product you just swallowed. It is difficult to justify the use of animals in this way, but when put simply we make the choice between putting human life, or the life of an animal on the line. While businesses have searched for other methods of testing, there is no more accurate way of testing toxicology than through a live host. Despite it not being the most idealRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing1502 Words   |  7 Pagesthat animal testing is beneficial to the advancement of human knowledge, while animal rights’ activists claim that animal testing is not humane and violates animals’ rights. The cont roversy over animal testing is best understood as a disagreement about whether animal testing is beneficial to humans. Each year more than 100 million animals are killed in the U.S. Every country has a law that permits medical experimentation on animals. While some countries protect particular kinds of animals fromRead MorePros And Cons Of Animal Testing1288 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Each animal bred or used for research, whether a mouse, fish, or monkey, is an individual capable of experiencing pain, suffering, and distress† (â€Å"Animal† 2013). The advancements in technology today had sparked a debate worldwide on whether it is right or wrong to use animals for experimentation in laboratories. With newly advanced scientific technology, experts are able to utilize advanced technology to simulate functions of the human body on a much smaller scale, including microchips of human

Moral Objectivism The View That What Is Right Or Wrong

A: Introduction to Normative Ethics Moral Objectivism: The view that what is right or wrong doesnt depend on what anyone thinks is right or wrong. That is, the view that the moral facts are like physical facts in that what the facts are does not depend on what anyone thinks they are. Objectivist theories tend to come in two sorts:(1) (i) Duty Based Theories (or Deontological Theories): Theories that claim that what determines whether an act is morally right or wrong is the kind of act it is.(1) 1: Deontological or duty based theories: In a general sense, Deontological theories determine morality of an action by asking about the action itself. Kantianism: In my opinion Immanuel Kant is the quintessential deontological philosopher. Those following Kantianism ask two questions before acting. The first question is, can I rationally will that everyone act as I propose to act? If the answer is no, then it is an immoral act. The second question is, Does my action respect the goals of human beings rather than merely using them for my own purposes? As with the previous question if the answer is no, then it is an immoral act. Lets take lying as an example. (2) (example taken from link) We should do only those actions that conform to rules that we could/will be adopted universally. If we were to lie, we would be following the rule It is permissible to lie. This rule could not be adopted universally, because it would be self-defeating: people would stopShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Meta-Ethics Concepts1136 Words   |  4 Pagescommon objection and disparagement between certain situations and topics. The first meta-ethics concept is Ethical Objectivism. Ethical objectivism is a view where an action is deemed right or wrong without the opinion and thoughts of an individual. The three main branches of ethical objectivism that will be discussed in the following passages are moral universalism, moral realism and moral absolutism. The next meta-ethics concept is ethical subjectivism. Subjectivism states that a claim is dependentRead MorePerspectives On Moral Reasoning And All Of Them920 Words   |  4 Pagesperspectives on moral reasoning and all of them have their positive and negative sides. In the article The Basic Stances of Metaethics the authors define each of the main perspectives on moral reasoning, objectivism, cultural relativi sm, subjective relativism, and emotivism, and they leave the reader with a good understanding of each of them. In this essay I am going to outline the central arguments of each perspective and give positive and negative critiques. Objectivism is the view that some moral principlesRead MoreEssay on Objective Objectivism in The Fountainhead by Ayn Rand1463 Words   |  6 Pages Objectivism is defined as â€Å"an ethical theory that moral good is objectively (based on facts rather than feelings or opinions) real or that moral precepts are objectively valid.† (Webster). Demonstrated by Ayn Rand in the book, The Fountainhead, objectivism seems to most, to be morally wrong, and socially impractical, despite seeming to be a stress-free way of life. In The Fountainhead, Howard Roark does not see relationships as necessary, but as a means to an end. For America to be purely objectivistRead MoreEthics : Discovering Right And Wrong1331 Words   |  6 PagesProfessor Price Objectivism Over Relativism In Ethics: Discovering Right and Wrong, Pojman states that morality refers to the actions we take either right or wrong. This paper should analyze the favor of moral objectivism and the rejection of ethical relativism. According to Pojman, â€Å"Ethical relativism holds that moral rightness and wrongness of actions varies from society to society or individual to individual.† (p.19) That is, what is considered right in one society, might be considered wrong in anotherRead MoreMoral Relativism And Moral Truth1405 Words   |  6 Pagesthere such a thing as moral truth? What bearing does this have on law?’ Some would say that moral truth is another word for moral objectivism, since if something is true, then it means it’s an unchanging fact, hence it’s objective. Moral objectivism is the view that what is right or wrong is not dependent on individual or societal opinion, but instead is grounded on facts that are external to human society. It’s opposite is moral relativism which states that what is right or wrong varies according toRead MoreCultural Relativism And The Nature Of Truth Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pagesuniversalism or objectivism and cultural relativism. The idea of cultural relativism is often used to explain the differences in practices and ideologies between cultures. Cultural relativists emphasizes the element of relativity in relation to a person’s values in the sense that the truth is dependent on or a function of a person’s cultural traditions (Brandt, 2006, p. 1). Even expanding above the notion of personal values, cultural relativ ism advocates for relativity in terms of ethics. This view ultimatelyRead MoreAn Intrinsic Value Of Mine1364 Words   |  6 Pagesintrinsically valuable. Name three things that are instrumentally valuable. In my life I consider happiness and kindness intrinsically valuable. For something to be intrinsically valuable it is said that, that something must be â€Å"valuable because they are what they are, without being a means to something else† (Vaughn 6). I find kindness to be an intrinsic value of mine because I believe that being kind to others is something that you should always do and a value that should be universally shared, not becauseRead MoreEthical Ethics And Normative Ethics1078 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is a right or obligation? What is good or bad? These two questions are examples of why mete-ethics and normative ethics exist. To be able to create an environmental ethic, one must have a sense of moral conclusion. Whether these morals are categorized through self-interest or obligation, meta ethics and normative ethics try to decipher these notions. To derive a normative ethic, meta-ethics needs to explain the language of morality, and how do humans come to a consensu s of specific actions andRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill : Views On Objectivism Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Stuart Mill: Views on Objectivism John Stuart Mill defends objectivism about intrinsic value within utilitarianism. A theory of intrinsic value indicates what things are valuable for their own sake. Within the Theories of Intrinsic Value, we think of Objectivism and Hedonism. Objectivism is best described as: Certain ways of life are intrinsically valuable, even if they hold less pleasure than others. Some things are valuable regardless of, and independently of, the pleasure they may produceRead MoreThe Objective Basis of Morality Challenged1611 Words   |  7 PagesThe origins of morality and what is defined as good or bad, unethical or moral can easily boggle the mind. It is a topic that can be debated almost endlessly. There are many factors that must be taken into consideration to provide valid philosophies; yet there will still always be debatable elements. Two concepts of morality that are in direct opposition of each other are moral objectivism and moral relativism. Moral relativism can be subjective, in wh ich morals are particular an individuals

Public Health Issue Diabetes Mellitus Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(132) " links between want and type 2 diabetes are less clear as there is less information available on diabetes and want related results\." This assignment will turn to the public wellness issue of the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus ( diabetes ) and explore links with wellness inequalities both nationally and locally. It will discourse the models available which give counsel for criterions of attention for diabetes patients and their influence on diabetes attention. It will so critically discourse the issue of diabetes direction in relation to patient instruction and the ability of patients to self-manage their chronic long-run status, measuring both the function of both healthcare professionals and persons in accomplishing the best possible healthy results. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Health Issue Diabetes Mellitus Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It will so discourse whether all people get the same degree of diabetes attention, in peculiar focussing on people who are non able to go to GP surgeries. Public wellness is defined as â€Å" The scientific discipline and art of promoting and protecting wellness and well-being, forestalling sick wellness and protracting life through the organized attempts of society † ( Faculty of Public Health 2008 ) . Health equality is a cardinal component of societal justness and as such justifies the authorities and other wellness bureaus to work in coaction to develop wellness policies which improve the populace ‘s wellness regardless of societal category, income, gender or ethnicity through advancing healthier life styles and protecting them from infective diseases and environmental jeopardies ( Griffiths A ; Hunter 2007 ) . Yet many wellness inequalities still exist in the UK, some of which will be discussed in this paper. There are preponderantly two types of diabetes mellitus ( diabetes ) ; type 1 diabetes occurs when the organic structure does non bring forth any insulin and type 2 diabetes occurs when the organic structure does non bring forth adequate insulin to work decently or when the organic structure cells do non respond to insulin. Type 2 diabetes is the most common and histories for around 90 five per cent of people with diabetes. If left untreated both types of diabetes can take to farther complications which include bosom disease, shot, sightlessness, and kidney failure ( Who 2011 ) . Life anticipation is reduced by up to 10 old ages in those with this type of disease ( Whittaker, 2004 ) . In the bulk of instances, type 2 diabetes is treated with lifestyle alterations such as eating healthier, weight loss, and increasing physical exercising ( Diabetes UK, 2007b ) . There are presently 2.6 million people in theA UKA with diabetes, and it is thought up to a farther 1.1 million are undiagnosed. ( DiabetesA UK, 2010 ) .A Other grounds suggests that approx 50 % of people are non cognizant they have the status, populating a normal life with lone mild symptoms ( mention ) . Work force are twice more likely to hold undiagnosed diabetes, than adult females, possible because on norm they tend to see their GP lupus erythematosus ( Nursingtimes.net 2009 ) . Diabetes is one of the most widespread chronic diseases, which is potentially life endangering. It is presently thought to be the taking 4th disease doing decease in most developed states worldwide with estimated prevalence of 285 million people. Most experts agree that more than 4 million people in the UK will hold Type 2 diabetes by 2025 with potentially 5.5 million life with this chronic status by 2030 ( Diabetes UK 2010, and International Diabetes Federation ( IDF ) 2010 ) . These statistics are galvanizing ; type 2 diabetes is one of the biggest challenges confronting the UK today with people frequently treated wholly by the National Health Service ( NHS ) who provide attention for all degrees of diabetes. Diabetess control is considered hapless in Europe with the UK being identified as holding the worst control. The grounds for this are non clearly identified. However what is clear is the possible impact on people in footings of complications and shorter lives ( Liebl et al 2002 ) . Peoples with diabetes who have complications cost the NHS 3.5 times more than people who have no grounds of complications ( IDF 2006 ) . The NHS presently spends about 10 % of its entire resources on diabetes, which equates to ?286 per second. This places a important drain on resources which will potentially lift in line with the turning prevalence of diabetes and associated complications unless alternate ways to cut down the load of the disease can be found Diabetes.co.uk ) . There are many grounds for the turning prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the UK, two of the chief 1s being the modernization of industrialization and urbanization, which has changed people ‘s life styles and eating wonts and caused and escalation in fleshiness ( Helms et al 2003 ) . Diabetes and fleshiness are closely linked ; 80 per centum of patients diagnosed with diabetes are corpulent at the clip of diagnosing ( Diabetes UK, 2006 ) . Kazmi and Taylor ( 2009 ) agree and say type 2 diabetes can be linked to genetic sciences, although increased degrees are more likely to be attributable to obesity ensuing from a lessening in physical exercising and westernised diets. A 2008 study highlighted the UK as holding the highest fleshiness degrees in Europe, presently 24 % of grownups are considered corpulent which tends to increase with age. ( Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 2010 ) . However this figure should be treated with cautiousness as England is one of t he few states who uses existent measurings of weight and tallness, other states preferring to utilize ego reported steps. The UK has an increasing aged population which combined with lifting degrees of fleshiness is likely to farther addition type 2 diabetes prevalence ( DH2010 ) . The links between socioeconomic want and sick wellness are good established ( Yamey 1999, Acheson 1998, Chaturvedi 2004 ) . This can be observed within the UK, as type 2 diabetes does non impact all societal groups every bit, it is more prevailing in people over 40, minority cultural groups, and hapless people ( The National Service Framework ( NSF ) for Diabetes ) . Several surveies have established people with type 2 diabetes populating in deprive countries suffer higher morbidity and mortality rates than those in more flush countries. ( Roper et al 2001, Wilde et al 2008, Bachhmann 2003 ) . However globally the links between want and type 2 diabetes are less clear as there is less information available on diabetes and want related results. You read "Public Health Issue Diabetes Mellitus Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" In struggle with the UK, surveies in Finland, Italy and Ireland found no important fluctuations in different socioeconomic groups ( Gnavi et al 2004, O’Conner 2006 ) . Reasons which may hold negated the impact on socioeconomic want may hold been due to differences such in the population studied, wellness attention bringing or available interventions. Linkss between want and type 2 diabetes appear apparent in the vicinity of Derbyshire. All but three local countries in Derbyshire have a diabetes and fleshiness degrees which are significantly worse than the England norm ( Derbyshire County Primary Care Trust ( PCT ) 2008 ) . In Derbyshire there are clear important fluctuations in degrees of want, High Peak has really small want, and yet Bolsover is in the 20 per cent most disadvantaged countries in England, with 30 two per cent of people populating in poorness and mortality and morbidity degrees significantly worse than the England norm ( Bolsover District Financial Inclusion Strategy 2009 ) . These worrying degrees have triggered the Department of Health to declare Bolsover a Spearhead country for betterment ( DH 2009, Derbyshire PCT 2008 ) . Some stairss have been taken in Bolsover to cut down morbidity and mortality rates by presenting healthy enterprises aimed at bettering people ‘s life manners ( Bolsover 2010 ) . Howeve r, although morbidity and mortality rates have reduced over the last 10 old ages they remain significantly higher than the England norm ( Bolsover District Financial Inclusion Strategy 2009 ) . Derbyshire has a turning aged population ( Derbyshire PCT 2008 ) . This together with proved links of degrees of fleshiness lifting with age would propose a future addition in degrees of diabetes. Diabetess is a national precedence and Derbyshire has a higher than England mean prevalence, but the local NHS scheme ( 2008 ) does non stipulate diabetes as a cardinal precedence. This may be a factor why Derbyshire is neglecting to run into its marks to cut downing morbidity and mortality by 10 per cent by 2010 in the poorest countries of Derbyshire ( DH 2009 ) . Models and policies exist to give counsel on criterions of attention, better the quality of life and life anticipation of people with diabetes and decrease the fiscal load on wellness services. ( Reference x2 ) . In response to European influence the NHS program ( 2000 ) set out counsel for modernizing services, raising criterions and traveling towards patient centred attention. Subsequently the NSF for Diabetes ( 2001 ) was published which lineations twelve criterions of attention aimed at presenting improved services and cut downing inequalities over a 10 twelvemonth period with the ultimate vision of people enduring with diabetes having a universe category service in the UK by 2013. This model was followed by the NSF for Diabetes: Delivery Strategy ( 2003 ) which gives counsel on how the NSF for diabetes could be achieved. Models are a utile lineation for action and set out clear ends and marks, but do non turn to the societal, economical and environmental causes of sick wellness or take history of available fiscal and staffing resources ( Reference from book ) . The NSF for Diabetes ( 2001 ) appears to back up this statement ; other than retinal showing, no support was ab initio made available to implement the 12 criterions ( Cavan 2005 ) . The handiness of this support will hold been important in the accomplishment of one hundred per cent of people with diabetes now being offered this service ( English National Screening Programme for Diabetic Retinopathy, 2009 ) . It was n’t until 2004 the Quality Outcome Framework offered fiscal wagess to run into other marks within the NSF, for case maintaining practiced based registries of people with diabetes, to enable primary attention suppliers to supply proactive attention ( NHS 2004 ) . Ten old ages on this model is still believable and sets the ‘gold criterion ‘ of attention for patients with diabetes in the UK ( NICE 2000 ) which would look to be an outstanding accomplishment. There have been important betterments in caring for people with diabetes since it was published. However, it could be criticised that some criterions are non enforceable until 2013 ( NSF 2001 ) . Numerous publications have followed the NSF for Diabetes ( 2001 ) in an effort to give counsel for wellness professionals to follow ( Nice 2004, NICE 2008, NICE 2009, RCN, NMC ) . These models are non intended to work in isolation but collaborate with each other at different degrees, whilst trying to bring forth a quality wellness service ( Reference ) . . The chief grounds for the oncoming of diabetes and hazard of farther complications is due to suboptimal wellness relation behavior which include small physical activity, high Calorie consumption and insufficiency to keep good glucose control and it is said persons with diabetes play a cardinal function in finding their ain wellness position ( Clarke 2008 Reference 1 ) . Whittaker ( 2004 ) concurs and says that much of the load relating to care prevarications with persons themselves. Patient instruction is seen as cardinal in the intervention of diabetes to guarantee the best possible healthy results for persons ( Alexander et al, 2006, Brooker A ; Nicol 2003, Walsh, 2002 ) . Standard 3 of the NSF for Diabetes ( 2001 ) clearly demonstrates a move off from medical attention to promote persons to take duty for their ain wellness but besides places the burden on wellness attention professionals to educate, support and empower people to enable them to efficaciously care for themselves. T he recent Public Health Whitepaper ( 2010 ) endorses future health care services should concentrate on health instead than handling disease and supports authorising people to set some attempt into remaining good. It acknowledges health care services merely contribute to one tierce of betterment made to life anticipation saying that a alteration in life style and taking wellness inequalities contribute to the staying two tierces. Giving people the accomplishments, cognition and tools to take control of their ain wellness logical as people with diabetes spend an norm of 3 hours per twelvemonth with their healthcare professional and around 8700 hours pull offing themselves ( Ref N3. For illustration there is much grounds reasoning that keeping blood glucose degrees as near to normal as possible slows down the patterned advance of long term complications and if patients can be empowered to take control of their diabetes, non merely will it increase the persons quality of life but beside s cut down the fiscal load on the NHS. ( Whittaker, 2004 ) . ( Ref: 4.1, 4.2 ) . The Diabetes Year of Care programme ( 2008 ) has been developed to assist health care professionals move off from a paternal attack to care be aftering to a more individualized attack for people with chronic long term conditions. This attack involves both healthcare professionals and patients working together to prioritize single demands. Helmore ( 2009 ) agrees that a individualized attack to care be aftering which should be holistic and include the individual ‘s societal fortunes, will authorise patients to take a cardinal function in their ain health care and suggests that nurses and patients should work together to put ends the patient can work towards which would include self attention and the services they will utilize. For illustration a down patient will non desire to venture outside to exert and soothe feeding may do them to derive weight. The precedence in this instance would be to cover with the patient ‘s depression. The nurse could so intercede with other com munity services and societal attention to decide non medical issues which would enable the patient to pull off their weight and addition activities ( Helmore 2009 ) . Peals ( 2010 ) believes nurses should take a lead function on behalf of the GP pool as they are the 1s best placed to place the attention demands of patients with diabetes, they have experience in patient tracts and are able to organize local and professional services. The Department of Health ( 2010 ) has highlighted attention be aftering as an country for betterment to guarantee one hundred per cent of diabetic patients have single attention programs ( DH 2010 ) . Currently it is thought merely 60 per of people with long-run conditions in England have an single attention program ( www.gp-patient.co.uk ) . Diabetes self-management instruction programmes ( DSME ) have been developed to educate and authorise patients to take control of their ain conditions by bettering their cognition and accomplishments to enable them to do informed picks, self-manage and cut down any hazard of complications. DSME besides aims to assist people to get by with physical and mental of life with diabetes ( Ref 21 P 114. These programmes which should be age appropriate can be delivered to persons or groups. ( 6 and 40 P 119 and 120 ) . . ( mention 7 p119 ) . Programmes available include the Expert Patent Programme ( EPP ) , its derivative X-PERT and Diabetes Education and Self-Management for ongoing and freshly diagnosed ( DESMOND ) which are available in all PCT ‘s in the state. These programmes offer the necessary information and accomplishments to people to enable them to pull off their ain diabetes attention and they offer the chance for people with diabetes to portion jobs and solutions on concerns they may hold with on mundane life ( N9 ) . They encourage people to happen their ain solutions to issues such as diet, weight direction and blood glucose control, enlisting the aid of diabetes professionals if needed ( N9 ) . The literature suggests this will ensue in good educated, motivated and empowered patients and systematically supports patient instruction as important to effectual diabetes attention ( utilize many refs ) . Much research has taken topographic point on the effectivity of DSME. Some of which suggests that patients who have non participated in DSME are four times more likely to meet major diabetes complications compared to patients who have been involved in DSME ( Reference ) .Other grounds suggests that it is non possible to set up whether patient instruction is effectual at advancing self-management in the long term to cut down the effects of diabetes or the oncoming of complications and better the patient ‘s quality of life ( mention ) . From surveies that have taken topographic point, it is apparent that although cognition and accomplishments are necessary they are non sufficient on their ain to guarantee good diabetes control. Peoples require ongoing support to prolong the enable them to prolong self-management and therefore the longer period of clip the class run the more likelihood people will stay sceptered ( Ref ) The bulk of people in the UK are offered some signifier diabetes instruction, the majority of which is offered at the clip of diagnosing. Besides the manner, length, content and construction of DSME vary. Very few instruction programmes have been evaluated ; therefore it is non conclusive which intercession scheme is the most effectual for bettering the control of diabetes. The America Diabetes Association suggest that as people are persons and different methods of instruction suit different people, there is no 1 best programme, but by and large programmes which incorporate both psychosocial and behaviour schemes appear to hold the best results. However the Healthcare committee ( 2006 ) found people in England are non being offered equal information about their status to ease effectual self-management. They reported merely eleven per cent of respondents had attended an educational class on how to populate with diabetes and disturbingly 17 per cent of respondents did non even know whether they had type 1 or type 2 diabetes ( Reference 2 P 119 ) . The success of DSME is dependent many discrepancies which include the patient ‘s single features, the context of their societal environment, the extent of the disease, and the patient ‘s interface with the attention and instruction provided. Overall there is a great trade of grounds to propose DSME is the ‘cornerstone ‘ in effectual diabetes attention ( NSF 2001 ) . It is recommended that DSME is delivered by a multi-disciplinary squad together with a comprehensive attention program ( cite 1 ) . Experts agree that effectual direction of diabetes mellitus increases life anticipation and reduces the hazard of complications ( NICE Guidenance for the usage of patient instruction theoretical accounts of diabetes Referece 1 P 119 Changing the wellness related behavior of people with diabetes has been proved to be successful in cut downing or even eliminating the hazard of complications ( mention ) . Many different wellness publicity theoretical accounts of exist which can assist a patient to digest wellness publicity advise and want to alter their wellness related behaviors ( Kawachi 2002 ) . Health publicity theoretical accounts are utile tools to help with this procedure. The Stages of Change wellness publicity is a often used theoretical account for weight direction as it identifies 6 phases of preparedness to alter which helps wellness professionals identify the intercession actions to urge and back up. Standard 3 has besides ensured people with diabetes receive regular attention ( Hicks 2010 ) , although Hillson ( 2009 ) would reason the quality of which is still unfastened to debate. Every individual with diabetes should have the highest criterions of individualized attention, no affair who delivers it or where or when it is delivered. Access to specialist services should be available when required ( Hillson 2009 ) . Diabetes patients receive different criterions of attention depending on whether or non they can go to their physician ‘s surgery ( Knights and Platt 2005 ) . Diabetes patients who are unable to go to the surgery are being overlooked and missed out on testing and reappraisals of their diabetes, accordingly having a lower criterion of attention despite the NSF for Diabetes saying inequalities in proviso of services should be addressed to guarantee a high criterion of attention which meets single patient demands. ( Gadsky 1994, Hall 2005, Harris 2005, ) . Until late the territory nursing squad were some of the few professionals who provided attention in the place for diabetes patients and merely normally had input with diabetes patients when intervention was required for a complication ( Wrobel 2001 ) . District nurses have historically been seen as Renaissance mans and able to supply attention and intervention for patients with a broad scope of conditions and hence do non needfully have specialist disease cognition ( Hale 2004 ) . Sargant ( 2002 ) agree with this and suggests the quality and rede territory nurses give to diabetic patients is questionable as they do n’t hold the in-depth degree of cognition in relation to diabetes. In acknowledgment of the incompatibility of attention being provided to patients with chronic unwellnesss in their ain places, the function of Community Matron was introduced in 2004 to guarantee patients with diabetes receive the first category service advocated by the Department of Health ( 1999 ) and the NHS PLAN ( 2000 ) by pull offing their all embracing attention demands and aid patients efficaciously manage their long term conditions which in theory should ensue in cut down hospital admittances. ( NHS Improvement Plan 2004 ) . However a survey conducted by Gravelle et Al ( 2006 ) would propose the Community Matron function has non been effectual in cut downing hospital admittances. Forbes et Al ( 2004 ) concurs that territory nurses, given the clip and with the right preparation could widen their functions and satisfactory undertake appropriate attention for housebound people with diabetes. However Brookes ( 2002 ) suggests preparation and resources are large issues and Harris ( 2005 ) says that territory nurses may non be carry throughing their Professional Code of Conduct by neglecting to care sufficiently for this group of patients ( Nursing and Midwifery Council 2008 ) . The turning prevalence of diabetes and the drain on NHS resources continues to be a concern for the UK, in footings of life quality and life anticipation of patients. Many wellness inequalities exist for people with diabetes ; there are proved links with fleshiness and want ; and diabetes attention provided is non equal for all patients. Patients who are able to go to their GP surgery receive better attention than those who are housebound, although this inequality is being addressed and attention is bettering. The NSF for Diabetes is a utile model for health care professionals to follow when supplying attention for people with diabetes. The quality of diabetes attention has improved since this model has been introduced. However, the execution of some recommendations has been slow and will non be complete until 2013. Patient instruction is paramount to successful diabetes control and there appears no uncertainty that the key to successfully decelerating the oncoming of diabetes and th e recognised associated complications is to prosecute patients in DSME. How to cite Public Health Issue Diabetes Mellitus Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Stupidity The Advantages Of Being Stupid Essays - Intelligence

Stupidity: The Advantages of Being Stupid The Advantages of Stupidity Most people say being stupid will lead no where. They claim that it is the worst possible condition in which to spend ones life, and if possible, it should be completely avoided. Yet, perhaps if people took a closer look at some of the advantages stupidity had to offer, they wouldn't have such a negative attitude toward it. Admittedly, stupidity has certain disadvantages. Life isn't a bowl of cherries. And being stupid doesn't make it any fruitier. Being stupid can annoy even the most sensitive people. If one acts stupid, and does it in the wrong crowd, like a group of adults, it will seem more immature than funny. If one is forced to act stupid while dealing with lower life forms, one may encounter barriers such as cruelty and insensitivity. Yet these are all true, there are still many advantages to stupidity. The first advantage is very easy to understand. Stupid people are never asked to do a lot. Many have noticed that people tend to steer away from someone they feel may be stupid. This is for a very good reason. The stupidity which they posses makes a name for themselves, a name which can be very difficult to shake. Yet, this creates a positive situation for the stupid person. They will have a lot of free time on their hands for more of life's truly meaningful pleasures. Now, there has been a rumor going around that suggests that stupid people have low expectations. This is true. They are so stupid that they donut realize great from O.K. They could have a cordless phone, but would probably choose instead an alarm clock telephone, because it comes free with their sensamatic folding bed. Someone with the 93advantage94 of stupidity might have a hard time doing certain tasks, or setting things up. Yet this isn't all bad. For example, if a stupid person leaves the chore, and comes back to it later, no one will be able to understand it. Would they get fired from their job? No. For the very simple reason that no one would understand their work except for them. The job would have to be given back to the stupid person, perhaps with a higher salary, or someone would do it for them, leaving them with even more free time! Free time is great for brainstorming. Yet the ideas stupid people create tend to be original. For example, when was the last time someone stupid said something, and made you think about it? It seems that people are always talking about someone else's dumb idea. This would suggest that stupid people may have the upper hand when it comes to thinking up original ideas. In fact, the next time someone wants an original idea for something, they should try talking to their local community stupid person. The reason for this is that while a stupid person thinks with his head, he does not do so in an organized manner. This is why they have so much creativity. By thinking in this fashion, theirideas have a natural tendency to flow more easily, without the interruptions which occur from the editing of thoughts that logical people would have normally. Thus, if someone else should say to you, That was a stupid idea!, you should merely look that person straight in the eye, and say, Thank-you!. This also means that the claim, Stupid minds think alike, is not true. All stupid minds have different ideas, each idea being original. One of the final advantages of stupidity is that stupid people are always remembered. It has been noticed how a quiet person is always hard to detect, and often remains anonymous. There is a very good reason for this. The mind has a hard time keeping quiet people in its memory track. But it is much easier and pleasing for the mind to remember someone really stupid. Anyway, when was the last time you laughed at an idiot at your school? When was the last time someone laughed at the little kid at the back of the room? The evidence here proves how stupid people last longer in someone's thoughts. Thus, stupidity clearly has many advantages, as long as someone is smart enough to use them! It is important to understand that stupid people are like all other humans,

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buy custom Japan History essay The Ashikaga era in Japan happened in the years 1336 to 1573, and marked the governance of the Ashikaga Shogunate or the Muromachi. This period was known as the Ashikaga period or the Muromachi period. The governance of the Ashikaga ahogunate was formally established in the year 1338. During the Ashikaga period, the first European merchant ships docked in Japan, with Portuguese traders in the year 1543. The Portuguese started trading in Japan and their business activities were referred to as the Nanban trade. The Nanban Trade which was also referred to as the Southern barbarian trade, started when the Europeans arrived to Japan. The Japanese considered the Europeans as unsophisticated because of their cultural and social behaviors. On the other side, the Europeans admired Japan, describing the country as a land which is rich in minerals (Mason Caiger 187). They were fascinated by the temples and palaces built on the land, and were greatly impressed by the abundant presence of surface ores which are common features of a volcanic land. This was before the start of commercial mining. These events led to commercial extraction of minerals and Japan soon became a major exporter of silver and cooper minerals to Europe. The Early Tokugawa Japan was a period that happened in the 17th century. The period was referred to as the Tokugawa period or the Edo period. In Japan history, the Tokugawa period was ruled by the shoguns from the Tokugawa family from 1603 to 1868. During this period, poetry went through many changes although the court poets were enviously fighting to maintain their monopoly (Morton Olenik 119). Poetry was greatly admired and was one of the major arts in the social scene. During this period, there existed a famous poet known as Basho. Basho was highly recognized for his unique works in the combined forms of haikai no renga. Bashos lifetime saw his recognition as a master of brief and clear Haiku. At his young age, Basho was introduced to poetry and he quickly became famous throughout Japan after integrating himself into intellectual scene of Edo. He worked as a teacher and gave up the luxurious social, city life of the literally groupings and he preferred to explore the whole countr y from the West to East, and went further into the northern side of the country to grow insight for his poetry writing. His creativity was influenced by his worldly encounters from his expedition. The late Tokugawa Japan happened at the final years of the Edo period when the reign of Tokugawa shogunate ended. Numerous major events characterized this period, the most notable being the isolationalist foreign policy which was also known as sakoku and its transition from a feudal shogunate to the Meiji administration (Mason Caiger 257). The Sakoku policy was enacted by the Tokugawa Shogunate throug an act of law and policies between the years 1633 to 1639 and remained in effect to the year 1853, on the arrival of Commodore Mathew Perry, and marked the opening of Japan. The policy restricted movement of people in and out of Japan, and thus restricted trade and foreign activities between Japan and the outside world. Tokugawa Japan: Economic Growth, Urbanization, and Cultural Change The period of Tokugawa in Japan witnessed numerous economic and cultural changes. During the Tokugawa period, trade and foreign affairs were yielding massive profits because the activities were monopolized by the shogunate, although the trading activities were also permitted to the Tsushima domains and to the Satsuma (Mason Caiger 222). The first trade exchanges were witnessed when European Nanban ships brought in Portuguese merchants. The European trade ships to the Nanban trade were later followed by traders who were Dutch, Spanish and English. The year 1603 marked the start of active foreign trade by Japan and in 1615, the Hasekura Tsunenaga allowed trade missions across the pacific to the New Spain and until the year 1635, the Shogun gave out various permits for the trade ships designed for the Asian markets. The move increased foreign trade and the economy recorded high gains due to the presence of foreign exchange. Christianity started spreading in Japan after the influence of European traders on the Japanese people. Some of the high ranking leaders embraced Christianity and the western culture. One Japanese leader known as Oda Nobunaga also embraced Christianity and the foreign Western technology because he wanted to use it as a strategy to curb Buddhism (Mason Caiger 106). In the year 1614, an ruler known as Leyasu promoted foreign trade and started relations with the Dutch and the English but on the other hand, the imposed suppression and discrimination of Christianity. Foreign trade between Japan and European countries boosted economic growth because the country became a major exporter of valuable minerals. During the Tokugawa period, Japan experienced development of large urban centers, education, productive agriculture and highly developed economic systems coupled with national economic structures. This trade resulted to introduction of Christianity and western culture to Japan. The Tokugawa period saw the growth of urban centers, increased export and import activities and expansion of domestic and foreign trades. Foreign trade led to the development of urban areas and as a result, this urbanization greatly influenced the cultural and social standards of Tokugawa Japan. Urbanization saw the development of prostitution and geisha. Geishas were famous female dancers, meant to entertain men. Merchantss enjoyed spending their luxury time in places that had Geishas. Prostitution became rampant because foreign merchants were used to the pressures of prostitutes. Crime increased in Tokugawa and presence of beggars who were seen as non human, were present in urban areas. Discontent in Tokugawa Japan In the mid 1800s of the Japan history, the country had faced numerous changes due to foreign influence. The country had many factions with differing opinions about their social and political ways, leading to discontent among the Japanese and foreign traders. Some leaders embraced western cultures while others fought to preserve their indigenous culture. The economic environment was stable although the political environment had many negative influences on Japan and the international world. The downfall of Tokugawa Shogunate led to the loss of previously enjoyed traditional rights of the Samurai. The Samurai were denied their traditional privileges of carrying two swords, the privileges of being exclusively military and the privileges of holding high bureaucratic positions. The Samurai were unsatisfied with the new governance that denied them their long-established civil liberties. In the mid 1800s, the sakoku policy was in effect and restricted any movement in or out of Japan. The policy was unwelcomed by the Japanese people and foreigners. Foreigners were discontented by the law that restricted them from doing free business with Japan, and the people of Japan felt land locked by the policy because traders wanted to do foreign trade with the west. The Sakoku policy was a major impediment to economic and social growth and was unwelcomed by the Japanese people and foreigners (Morton Olenik 168). After the mid 1800s, various Japanese factions had borrowed a lot of support from the west, and the Japanese people had adopted various aspects of the western culture. This borrowed culture led to the fading of the Japanese traditions and culture. The Japanese people realized that the foreign influence was a threat to their culture and felt unhappy (Morton Olenik 168). Towards the end of the 1800s, the Japanese people devised a strategy in admiration of their culture, a plan that was aimed at overseeing respect for Japan's time-honored culture, such as admiration for the Emperor. The Social, political and economic environments were all altered in order to incorporate foreign influences while trying to maintain stability. This era saw the employment of French military in efforts to modernize the military of the Bakufu (Morton Olenik 168). Extremists in Japan resulted to war against the Bakufu, the Han authorities and all foreigners in an effort to reclaim the emperor, as a figure of peace and unity. Buy custom Japan History essay

Population Decline in Russia

Population Decline in Russia Russian President Vladimir Putin recently directed his nations parliament to develop a plan to reduce the countrys falling birthrate. In a speech to parliament on May 10, 2006, Putin called the problem of Russias dramatically declining population, The most acute problem of contemporary Russia. The president called on parliament to provide incentives for couples to have a second child to increase the birth rate in order to stop the countrys plummeting population. Russias population peaked in the early 1990s (at the time of the end of the Soviet Union) with about 148 million people in the country. Today, Russias population is approximately 143 million. The United States Census Bureau estimates that Russias population will decline from the current 143 million to a mere 111 million by 2050, a loss of more than 30 million people and a decrease of more than 20%. The primary causes of Russias population decrease and loss of about 700,000 to 800,000 citizens each year are a high death rate, low birth rate, high rate of abortions, and a low level of immigration. High Death Rate Russia has a very high death rate of 15 deaths per 1000 people per year. This is far higher than the worlds average death rate of just under 9. The death rate in the U.S. is 8 per 1000 and for the United Kingdom its 10 per 1000. Alcohol-related deaths in Russia are very high and alcohol-related emergencies represent the bulk of emergency room visits in the country. With this high death rate, Russian life expectancy is low- the World Health Organization estimates the life expectancy of Russian men at 59 years while womens life expectancy is considerably better at 72 years. This difference is primarily a result of high rates of alcoholism among males. Low Birth Rate Understandably, due to these high rates of alcoholism and economic hardship, women feel less than encouraged to have children in Russia. Russias total fertility rate is low at 1.3 births per woman. This number represents the number of children each Russian woman has during her lifetime. A replacement total fertility rate to maintain a stable population is 2.1 births per woman. Obviously, with such a low total fertility rate Russian women are contributing to a declining population. The birth rate in the country is also quite low; the crude birth rate is 10 births per 1000 people. The world average is just over 20 per 1000 and in the U.S. the rate is 14 per 1000. Abortion Rates During the Soviet era, abortion was quite common and was utilized as a method of birth control. That technique remains common and quite popular today, keeping the countrys birth rate exceptionally low. According to a Russian news source, there are more abortions than births in Russia. The online news source mosnews.com reported that in 2004 1.6 million women had abortions in Russia while 1.5 million gave birth. In 2003, the BBC reported that Russia had, 13 terminations for every 10 live births. Immigration Additionally, immigration into Russia is low- immigrants are primarily a trickle of ethnic Russians moving out of former republics (but now independent countries) of the Soviet Union. Brain drain and emigration from Russia to Western Europe and other parts of the world is high as native Russians seek to better their economic situation. Putin himself explored the issues surrounding the low birth rate during his speech, asking What has prevented a young family, a young woman, from making this decision? The answers are obvious: low incomes, a lack of normal housing, doubts about the level of medical services and quality education. At times, there are doubts about the ability to provide enough food.

Essay Question Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Question - Essay Example In addition, Creon is to take care of Oedipus children, that is, Antigone and Ismene, and Oedipus sons, Polyneices, and Eteocles. When the two sons of Oedipus become of age, they start to fight over who is to rule Thebes. Polyneices being the older brother believed to be the rightful heir to the throne Thebes since he had the birthright. However, Eteocles causes an uprising against Polyneices and ousts him out of power. Polyneices retaliates with an army in a battle where the two brothers kill each other. Creon ascends to the throne once again. Conflict arises in Thebes when the new king Creon makes a decree that it is only Eteocles that will be honored with a befitting burial since Eteocles fought for Thebes. On the other hand, the body of Polyneices was to be left in the field to rot and be eaten by animals for leading a violent uprising against Thebes using a foreign army. The decree of Creon, which prohibited anyone against burying Polyneices was to serve as an example to Polyneices followers (Sophocles & Johnston, 2007). Creon declared that Polyneices did not deserve a honorable burial since Polyneices waged war against Thebes and, therefore, a traitor of Thebes. The declaration does not go well with Antigone, who asserts that her brother Polyneices deserves to be buried even though he was a traitor of Thebes (Sophocles & Johnston, 2007). A conflict arises between Antigone and Creon since Antigone believes that they have a divine duty to the gods to bury the dead. In addition, antigone is determined to bring honor to her family by burying her brother. Antigone saw it as immoral and dishonorable for the body of their brother to be left in the fields unburied like someone who had no family. Antigone makes an emotional appeal with Ismene for them to bury their brother since even though Polyneices is guilty of betraying the state, they should show him sisterly love and

Employee Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 3

Employee Relations - Essay Example internal environment & external environment. SWOT stands for S - Strength, W - Weaknesses, O - Opportunities, T - Threats and the analysis done through these four segments and is popularly known as SWOT Analysis. It helps in knowing the firms capabilities in the competitive environment in which it operates. The following diagram shows SWOT Analysis framework. The Trust employed around 1,000 staff in its Operations Supportive departments, which provides the technical, operational & professional and staff workers for the services like security, cleaning, maintaining the estate, managing the car-parking and also catering.  Ã‚   Unions’ rates up to 60%, having a membership of Unison, GMB, and TGWU represents the crafts work and skills of the employees.  Unions’ relation is good, along with 2 monthly meetings between the management and unions forms into a multi-union forum.   In the hospital, management teams have developed communication policy, this results in improving  in the feedback of staff through attitude surveys because of the relation with the top management. It is stated that the management will provide information to the staff about the changes which are going to prevail and what the reasons for such changes. Around 60% of the employees are stable in the job for more than 8 years. The groups work in an independent manner from each other and even from the organizations itself. In an effective way of management, the workers are developing demarcation and differentiating factors and their representatives of union are changing. There are issues regarding the delegatory, communicating, team-building, and employee empowerment  from the low to middle level of the members.   Those issues are subjected to be heated discussions among managers, union representatives and workers, particularly the changes which are â€Å"pushed†Ã‚  than negotiated.   There is a bad tendency of some supervisors and middle level managers to remove few

Effects of Ethics on Production of Knowledge

Effects of Ethics on Production of Knowledge Aakashdeep Dhillon Ethical Judgement limit the methods available in the production of knowledge in both the arts and the natural sciences. Discuss. Ethics is a moral principle of an influencing conduct. It is a branch of knowledge that is  similar to moral principles. However, it is not the same as morals, rather is the study of morals. A  right or wrong is just an opinion, and most people have their own opinion what may be right or  wrong. However in ethics, nobodys views are any better or more right than someone else’s. A  person’s ethical views is based upon their society, and cultural they were raised in. What one  person in one society may consider as ethical, may not be considered ethical in another society. Without making a generalization in that sense, it makes it hard to produce knowledge, in the given  areas of knowledge. Personally moving from India to Canada in 2006, was a huge change as I had  switched from Eastern culture to the Western culture and in many ways, I had to change myself to  be ethically correct to be ethically correct here. Hence, the statement in the title does withhold this  fact of, ethical judgements do limit the methods available in the production of knowledge.   Judgement always play a vital role in critical moments, and to obtain the accuracy and  precision of a good judgement, the person must be in a good state, mentally and physically. Any  actions or decisions an artist makes about his piece of work, the artist needs to take into account the  moral responsibility, especially during the times that we are living in. The artists hold the  responsibility ethically, what is right and what is wrong. There may not be a specific law saying  something is wrong, but society may very well a negative reaction which may spiral into  something uncontrollable that may as well start a movement or a new era. This means the artist is  morally responsible for their work when working on their piece, which ultimately limits the method  for producing knowledge. On a personal level, I think an artist must have freedom to do what they want in their work  as it shows their perspective and possibly many others in the society around us inevitably giving us  more knowledge. However, a society as a whole, especially when in large numbers in a specific  area together have different opinions on the piece which they do not agree with and act negatively  towards this. Hence, there is a fine line from what is morally right in society and the artist should  know whether to cross that line or not, especially if the artists job is to please his audience. However, the â€Å"line† that we draw between the ethically correct and the ethically wrong is almost  impossible to make out where it is because it all depends on the subjective standards of society. What is ethical and what is not vary as explained before, different cultures and societies view  things in different perspectives. For example, when I moved from India to Canada, in middle  school my classmates and I had to get into pairs and make a powerpoint about an artist that was  assigned to us. During the presentations I saw a presentation about Michelangelo, and many of his  artwork and sculptures were of nude people. The teacher and the class watched the presentation  and seemed like they had no problems with it. I felt uncomfortable watching it and so I didn’t look  at it. Later, talking to the teacher, she explained it was simply an assignment and it had no other purpose. This opened my eyes to the culture and society here to the society in India when I was  there. A lot of his work would not be accepted in the Indian society and looked down upon as it is  disgracing the human body. Nude art evokes a sense of sexuality and the topic is very intimate and  of something that should be kept on a personal level that’s why it is frowned upon and something  that made me uncomfortable and forced me to react in such a manner. However, I grew  accustomed to it and learnt to deal with such things that I am not used to. I believe an artist uses  their pieces of art to express their feelings about things they feel are important in society or not, and  also art a lot of the times is also used to criticize and mock different areas in society specifically  things like politics or culture. This is where I believe the artists should have a higher ethical  responsibility for their work and think of what they are doing and what may happen. Ultimately,  which leads me to believe that because of ethical judgements the methods to produce knowledge  really are limited in the arts. In the area of knowledge of science, my point of view is the opposite of the arts. In science  I believe any actions the scientists take for their research should not have to worry about the moral  responsibilities. The job of a scientist is to provide the world with research and answers to  questions which is backed by sufficient facts. A job of scientist is to figure out the different things  in the world and how they are made, and what they are made of. Scientists provide us with  information that is beyond our natural understanding. They conduct experiments and write  researches for the world to understand how the world works and I believe ethical beliefs should not  limit them to provide us with information. I believe that every human being must be provided with the truth about their surroundings. If science, did not challenge the ethical boundaries set we may  not have known that the earth was round, or that the existence of god may be a myth. I believe if  sc ience does not question everything without the ethical boundaries many things that happen in the  world go unresolved or unanswered. However, my opinions are different from what the society  may believe in. For scientists, the study of earth and its surroundings isn’t the only they focus on, if you go  into depth scientists branch off into different fields and study other things, such as diseases present  in the world. Scientists must do experiments and write researches for medicines that work and not  work and which may cause harm to humans. Therefore, they conducts experiments on animal  subjects and sometimes even human subjects, to test if something may cause harm or trigger a  reaction. Many people in different societies believe every living thing has a right to live and testing  dangerous products on them and killing them in the process for anothers good is ethically incorrect. Personally, I volunteer at the hospital and on a tour for the hospital and all the different sections in  the hospital. During a tour, they also dissected a human being to show the inside of the human for  knowledge. Hence, the same thing happens in the medical school as they work with real subjects. I  believe it is vital to experiment and conduct tests to come up with a definite remedy if we want to  get to the root of the problems, hence, the scientists should be held morally responsible for the  application of discoveries. Moreover, I believe the ethical responsibility working with the human  subjects is the same as it is with the animal subjects. I believe it is important for the greater good of  society some must be used as experiments whether they are humans or animals. However, a good  majority of the society believes otherwise and believe that everyone is equal and deserves to live as  much as anybody else/ any other living thing. Hence, this holds the scie ntists morally responsible  for the application of their discovery and again the ethical responsibility stays the same when  working with human or animal subjects. This ultimately proves the statement, as it limits the  methods available to produce knowledge in the given field. Consequently, personally I believe that ethical judgements do limit the methods available in  the production of knowledge. However, I believe it should not limit in the natural sciences as many  discoveries will go unresolved if they have not yet been discovered or proven thus far. I believe  comparing the two different area of knowledge, science provides us with some of the greatest  discoveries known to man and it has changed mankind and moved us forward over the years. Whereas in arts, the knowledge obtained is more on a personal level that makes us think about  ourselves only and what we think about certain things, which I believe should be considered as  high as the other, therefore, giving two different answers for the different areas of knowledge. However, many people do think otherwise and because everyone must be taken into account  which ultimately limit the ways of knowing. Word Count: 1461 Bibliography Areas of Knowledge. Theoryofknowledgenet. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2014. Dullwitch Home. Dullwitch Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2014. May 2014 TOK Essay Titles. Theoryofknowledgenet. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2014. Ways of Knowing. Theoryofknowledgenet. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2014.

How Does the UPS Tracking System Work?

How Does the UPS Tracking System Work? Posted by The Fox on March 8, 2012 UPS is one of the largest mail shipment companies in the world. Every day, UPS handles and delivers nearly 15 million letters, parcels, and boxes to individuals and companies in well over two hundred countries all over the world. It is simply amazing how such an international giant manages to track and transport such a large amount of mail. Following is an overview of how the UPS tracking system works. When a person delivers a parcel to the UPS, a bar code is attached to the parcel.The employees loading the parcels onto a truck or airplane all have bar code scanners, as do all UPS drivers. Those handling the parcel simply have to scan it to see where it came from and where it is going. When a parcel is scanned, the information regarding the parcel’s location is immediately updated on the UPS website. This is the reason why a person can see the step-by-step progression of where his or her package is at th e moment. If the package is being sent less than 200 miles from the sender, then it is sent by truck. If the distance the package must travel is more than 200 miles, it is sent by plane.Each time the package is loaded or unloaded, it is scanned. Packages that are transported by plane are all automatically sent to Worldport, the UPS sorting facility in Kentucky. Workers in this facility only handle the package once or twice; the rest of the time, the package is tracked by machine. Sorters sort packages according to size and shape and ensure that the bar code on any given package is facing upwards. Scanners above the conveyor belts are then able to sort the packages according to destination. Is the UPS Tracking System Efficient?It has been estimated that 9% of all packages handled by UPS are either lost or delivered late. However, it should be noted that not all late deliveries are the UPS’ fault. Packages being shipped internationally will not reach their destination on time i f all the pertinent forms have not been filled out. If the recipient of the package is not available to receive the package, then the delivery will naturally be late. In such an instance, the delivery van would have to bring the package back at a later time, or the recipient would have to go to the nearest UPS center and pick up the package in person.Considering how many billions of packages the UPS transports every single year, the company’s system is surprisingly efficient. Billions of packages reach their destination on time every single year. While the UPS tracking system is not perfect, it is top of the line and one reason why UPS is the preferred shipping company of millions of people all over the world. While UPS has an efficient website that lets customers know where each package is at any given point in time, those who ship numerous packages on a regular basis may want to take advantage of the Package Fox sorting system.This system enables one to see all of his or he r packages in transit at the same time. Best of all, Package Fox will also help one to see at a glance if a package is lost, delayed, or has arrived late. If the UPS is at fault for the package arriving late or not at all, then Package Fox will help the client get the refund that is his or her due. The UPS is a highly efficient shipping service with a top of the line tracking system that enables it to track and ship parcels all over the world. The bar code on each box allows UPS employees to accurately determine where each envelope, parcel, and box is meant to go.This information is instantly uploaded to the UPS website so that a customer can see where the package is at any point in time. However, this system is not perfect and sometimes a parcel or box may get lost in the mail or arrive later than it is meant to. This is one reason why having Package Fox is such a good idea. Package Fox will not only make it easy to track multiple UPS shipments but also help one get a refund for a late or lost shipment. What are the input, processing and output of UPS package tracking system?Input: The inputs include package information, customer signature, pickup, delivery, time-card data, current location (while en route), and billing and customer clearance documentation. Delivery Information Acquisition Device (DIAD) is used to capture all the information about the package from the customer. Again, bar code devices are used throughout the delivery process to collect useful information about the package. UPS also collects information from its website. This website provides customers the facility to input their packageas details (destination, origin, shipment date, weight, size etc. , desired freight media (by air, by vehicle etc. ) and freight service to determine shipping rates and time in transit. Processing: Data collected from DIAD is uploaded to the to the UPS network, called UPSnet, for primary storing. Then all the data are transmitted to a central computer and store d for retrieval. Bar code equipments also send data about the package to the central computer for immediate processing. Data are also reorganized so that they can be tracked by customer account, date, driver, and other criteria. Output: Output occurs when all these information

Imperialism An Age Of Colonization For European Countries

Imperialism Essay The Age of Imperialism was an age of colonization for European countries. It began in the mid-1800s and ended in the early twentieth century. The most powerful countries of Europe raced to conquer and change the government, economic system, and social ways of Asian and African territories. But imperialism wasn t wonderful, especially for the colonies. Innocent people were enslaved, forced to work all day long under no other options. Resources were exploited, stolen from people who couldn t defend themselves from powerful new European weapons. Valuable cultures diminished as foreign lands took over and changed intriguing and unique languages and religions. Sickness spread to natives who hadn t built up the immunity to deadly diseases. Slavery began to appear. The Age of Imperialism was still after the Atlantic Slave Trade, but the Europeans still used slaves for money. Many slaves were exported to the Americas, mostly from Africa. Free labor for them developed, but it wasn t good. Salaries should have been given to the poor workers who worked diligently in fear. This encouraged more slavery in the years to come afterwards. And yes, mother countries did bring education, and it did spread to these colonies without a form of education. But slaves didn t get the education. They learned about aching backs and how to work like dogs from dawn to dusk under threat of the wicked, merciless whip. Stealing seemed to become a pastime for the invaders. ValuableShow MoreRelatedEuropean Imperialism - Dbq Essay804 Words   |  4 Pagesthe history of the world, imperialism has played a major role. Imperialism is one country’s complete domination of the political, economic, and social life of another country. Imperialism has many positive and negative effects. The Age of Imperialism is considered 1800 - 1914. During this time Europe became a major world leader. European countries set up colonies all over Africa, Latin America, and Asia, and encouraged their citizens to populate them. European imperialism boosted Europe’s economyRead MoreEconomic Imperialism and Colonial Control in Canada1363 Words   |  5 PagesEconomic Imperialism and Colonial Control in Canada Abstract Economic imperialism plays an important role in colonization. The goal of this paper is to discuss the colonial control of Canada and how economics played an important role in dispossession of indigenous people of Canada. The negative impact of economic imperialism included loss of land, disrupted communities and exploitation of natural resources. In all cases, Canadian natives had to suffer the consequences of colonization and economicRead MoreThe Age of Reason Essay921 Words   |  4 PagesCesaire’s essay deals with the European hypocrisy that has existed for many years throughout European history. 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Since the industrialRead MoreImperialism Dbq Ap European History846 Words   |  4 PagesBetween the period from 1880 to 1914, European powers went after overseas empires in Africa. The governments and political leaders of the European powers believed that this colonization of the African empires was necessary to maintain their global influence. A second group of people supposed that African colonization was the result of the greedy Capitalists who \only cared for new resources and markets. The third group of people claimed it to be their job to enlighten and educate the uncivilizedRead MoreImperialism as a Source of Many Conflicts throughout History658 Words   |  3 PagesImperialism a source of most if not all conflicts throughout history. No matter the century or time period, the start of all wars, battles, and conflicts all draw thei r roots back to imperialism. Imperialism have had great impacts on nations and brought many changes to societies and their cultures. It has impacted on people lives and how they live. It has affected our societies to this day and shaped or helped create foundations for our countries and cultures that we have today. Imperialism beganRead MoreEssay on Imperialism: From Europe to The West1514 Words   |  7 PagesEarly in the twentieth century, imperialism was brought up by European powers of the time; Germany, Great Britain, France, and Russia. These nations were after raw materials in Asia, Africa, and South America and when they realize that they could not retrieve it, they began to colonize smaller counties that contain the many resources they need and used it for their benefit. Western values played a big part in European imperialism. European civilization experienced a period of extraordinary rapidRead MoreEffects of Industrialization and Imperialism Essay1567 Words   |  7 P agesWORLD HISTORY RESEARCH PAPER Effects of Industrialization and Imperialism Unit 6: Imperialism World History Honors / Block #6 Due: April 16, 2013 Therefore, one must understand how throughout the times of Imperialism, and Industrial Revolution, aspects such as working conditions, population expansion and colonial enhancement prove why advancements were beneficial to the modern world in the long run. â€Æ' The Industrial Revolution marked a time in history when advancements in technologyRead MoreThe New World During The European Age Of Exploration Essay1615 Words   |  7 PagesWorld† during the European Age of Exploration. 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The biggest and most audacious Imperialistic movements of the time lie in the Scramble for Africa, where first-world nations began colonization of Africa to increase their markets, land, and raw material possession (Various - Document P)

Essay on An Analysis of Cypher’s Betrayal and the Problem...

The Matrix, written and directed by Lary and Andy Wachowski, is a 1999 science-fiction action film that has been regarded as one of the most igneous and highly imaginative films of all time. It depicts the complex story of a dystopian future in which the reality perceived by most human beings is actually a simulated one created by AI machines who use the suppressed humans as energy sources. Though the main characters of the story have freed themselves from the matrix, one character named Cypher (a.k.a. Mr. Reagan) regrets learning the truth and wants to return back to the dream world. Cypher is an example of antagonist Agent Smiths belief that as a species, human beings define their reality through misery and suffering as he believes†¦show more content†¦Thus he betrays Morpheus to the three corrupt agents because he prefers his old life where he believes he will not have to suffer over the real world. He tells Agent Smith I wanna be rich, you know, someone important. Like a n actor when he is reinserted into the matrix and that he wants to forget everything from the real world (Andy and Lary Wachowski). Like Judas, Cypher is unaware that he is being tricked by the agents who intend to hire the machines to attack and destroy the Nebuchadnezzar and its crew. Finally, what connects Judas and Cypher is that they both seal their fates over a meal-Judas at the Last Supper and Cypher over a steak dinner with Agent Smith. Also while Judas betrays Jesus with a kiss, Cypher betrays Morpheus with a sneeze. Overall, the two are connected because they lack trust in their leader and selfishly decide to take matters into their own hands, but it is this betrayal that causes their downfall. (Holy Bible, Matthew 26) Another character who is like Morpheus and seeks illusions to escape from suffering is literary character Jesse Jess Aarons in the novel Bridge to Terabithia by Katherine Paterson. In the story, Jess is a fifth-grader who belongs to a family of five childre n where he is the only son. Jess feels alone in his family because his mother openly favors his sisters over him and his father, as the sole breadwinner, is hardly ever around and misunderstands Jesss